*Department of Computational Biology,
INTRODUCTION
In this computer aided technology era, all fields of science
involved information technology. Whether it is
biotechnology, bioinformatics, nanotechnology, etc. All
aspects of researches need to be ethics free so that can be
used for human welfare. It is well known that “Necessity is
the mother of Invention” and we human beings want all
secrets of life disclosed. Regularly different scientific groups
are working on finding vaccines for chronic diseases
because it is the safest way to be getting rid of diseases.
Nowadays artificial intelligence is a boom in all areas
whether it is biomedical sciences. It is amalgamation of
computer ethics and bioethics.
ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Nanotechnology will play a crucial role in providing nano
devices which can repair cells, promising great
improvements in longetivity and quality of life, i.e., cancer,
HIV, etc. Nanotechnology proves better in understanding the
full functioning of the human body [1]. With its molecular
mechanism/machines all organizational working is done.
Our body is fully functional in all its own way. Many
bioinformatics techniques are needed to understand the
protein folding and functioning in silico. Machine learning
models are also developed for understanding disease,
diagnosis, and further treatment [2,3]. Machine learning
models also help to classify and understand health care
system in human by association or interaction of genes,
enzymes, proteins. Nanomedicine products are also
developed for healthcare are nearly available in the market.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DISEASE
DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT
In vivo disease detection and monitoring through micro-
electromechanical system creates “lab-on-a-chip” devices to
detect cells infected with bacteria/virus. The devices are
manufactured to provide real time processing of several
blood levels, leads to a strong cost benefit for people with
chronic disease s. Artificial intelligence provide the digital
nurses, personal assistant, health monitoring, etc. AI will
provide early and precise diagnosis. One example is AiCure, mobile app that uses AI and image analysis to control
patient adherence to prescriptions. This includes making
sure patients take their medication on time and perform other
tasks ordained by their doctor. This can be useful for people
with serious medical conditions and patients who might go
against their doctor’s prescriptions.AI models can better use
in treatment processes on the basis of patients history [4-6].
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR AI IN
HEALTHCARE :
AI in the healthcare sector assumes substantial significance.
Law will need to implement with new innovation in order to
save from unusual deeds. There are several ways in which
AI is being used or proposed to be used in the healthcare
industry which mainly include data collection, data storage,
data analysis, monitoring conditions, prescribing treatments,
AI assisted robotic surgeries. Hospitals, pharmaceutical
companies, diagnostic companies, fitness wearable’s and
telemedicine are some of the businesses in the healthcare
sector which use AI.
If a medical professional is responsible for case a deficiency
of his/her duty leads to negligence. There have been
instances of civil as well as criminal penalties being imposed
on medical professionals in the past for negligence. The
regulations do not, however, distinguish cases where there is
an error in diagnosis malfunction of a technology, or the use
of inaccurate or inappropriate data. As a result, presently
there is no accountability for the software developer
developing the AI solution or the specific program engineer
who designed it. It is also unclear on how one determines the
level of accountability of the medical professional when
he/she provides the wrong treatment or diagnosis due to a
J Pharm Drug Res 2(4): 140-141Dubey A
glitch in the system or an error in data entry.
Some instances showed that according to publicly available
data, patients have had instances of giving unsafe treatment
recommendations. For example, reports have suggested that
cancer patients with severe bleeding have been
recommended a drug that could cause the bleeding to
worsen. Under the current regulations in India, the medical
professional may not be able to take a defence that he/she
relied on the recommendation of an AI solution.The lack of
adequate data privacy laws in India could result in such data
sets being commercially exploited for matters beyond the
development of AI solutions. This is really a big issue that
was understood by the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare and released a draft of the Healthcare Security Act.
In addition to the electronic health record standards, this law
proposes to provide civil and criminal remedies for breach of
data and principles for data collection and use. It also
provides for the establishment of the National Digital Health
Authority, a regulator which will focus exclusively on
enforcing healthcare data protection norms.
IPR
An intellectual property right provides two types of rights:
first is an industrial property right, i.e., trademark, patents,
designation of origin, industrial designs and models. And
another is copyright. The motive of intellectual property law
is for encouragement the own creations. But sadly there is no
law for patenting the algorithms. According to IPR,
algorithms are not inventions. The AI algorithms are created
by collating and analyzing human intelligence which
developed creativity with data and datasets of different
origins. As the technology is changing fast day by day, now
AI is needed for healthcare assessments. It will make the
machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and
perform human like tasks. While seeing it’s all round
importance in research and development, the Indian law will
also need to developed and amended constantly and
adequately regulate the role of AI in healthcare sector. In
India, a committee could be formed which entrusted with the
task of evaluating the operation of AI-driven health care
solutions and provide suggestions to reform Indian
regulations.
As always said we are the best creatures of the almighty to
make this world beautiful, so now here is our good chance to
reshape the society and make our earth a better place to live.
The development of novel technologies based therapies
being the part of AI, Bioinformatics, Machine learning,
Deep learning, Nanotechnology will arise several ethic
principles about human rights which need to be followed in
all levels: moral, political, and religion. All these will make
human privacy, dignity, justice, and fair access to the
knowledge of the diseases for possible beneficial therapy. It
is moral responsibility of researchers that they tell
beforehand about the misuse or any contemporary use of AI
s treatment. AI will deliver healthcare revolution if used in
proper manner and unseen ever.
REFERENCES
1. Supriya DM (2012) Anti-HIV-1 nanotherapeutics:
Promises and challenges for the future. Int J Nanomed
7: 5301-5314.
2. DubeyA (2016) Machine learning models for
assessment of HIV biomarkers in medicine. Int J
Multidiscip Res Acad 4: 1-15.
3. Dubey A (2016) Applications of machine learning:
Cutting edge technology in HIV diagnosis, treatment
and further research. ComputMolBiol 6: 1-6.
4. http://www.accenture.com/us-en/artificial-intelligence
5. Dubey A (2018) Machine learning model for analysis of
critically important antimicrobials for human medicine.
Int J MolBiol 3: 287-293.
6. Dubey A (2019) The use case of artificial intelligence in
improving health. 3: 1-2.
7. http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual-property
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(With input from news agency language)
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