Meanwhile, we discuss the Indian economic scenario after the war, many institutional and important legislative developments had happened on the way.
Before we move on to specific legislative details of the 1960s let us quickly go through a few important legislations of 1950s
the establishment of Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956 – It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, concerning khadi and village industries within India, which seeks to – “plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957– The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act (1957) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to regulate the mining sector in India. It was amended in 2015 and 2016. This act applies to all mineral except minor minerals and atomic minerals. It details the process and conditions for acquiring a mining or prospecting licence in India. Mining minor minerals come under the purview of state governments.
Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958– to grant special powers to the Indian Armed Forces the power to maintain public order in “disturbed areas”.
The new idea of bringing justice not just to humans but also animals was mentioned via the prevention of cruelty act, 1960
Welfare measure via maternity benefit Act, 1961– protects the employment of women during the time of her maternity and entitles her of a ‘maternity benefit’ – i.e. full paid absence from work – to take care for her child. The act applies to all establishments employing 10 or more employees. Recently major amendments were introduced into this act like increasing the maternity leave to 26 weeks, providing work from home options, creche facility for institutions employing more than 50 employees and compulsory education about maternity benefits.
IIT Act, 1961:In order to drive India’s economic development and to build industry, the idea for India to have scientists and engineers was considered important. It was recommended to create higher technical institutions, based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology model, following which five institutes of technology (IIT) were established at Kharagpur (1950), Bombay (1958, with assistance from UNESCO and the Soviet Union), Kanpur (1959, with a consortium of US universities), Madras (1959, with the government of West Germany) and Delhi (1961, with the UK). Later, the IIT Act was enacted on 19 December 1961 to “declare certain institutions of technology to be institutions of national importance. The list also includes NITs and AIIMS, in addition to the IITs. The Institute of technology Act, 1961 was passed.
1963: the establishment of CBI
(With input from news agency language)
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