IN INDIA LIKE ELSEWHERE, EDUCATION IS AN ELABORATE AFFAIR. BEGINNING WITH KINDERGARTEN TO SCHOOLS TO COLLEGE AND THEN UNIVERSITIES IN FOLLOWS THE CUSTOMARY PATH. BUT MUCH BEFORE WE ADOPTED THE EUROPEAN PATTERN OF EDUCATION. INDIAN ALREADY HAD A RICH LEGACY OF TEACHING, IN ANCIENT, TIMES WE HAD THE GURUKUL SYSTEM. WHICH WAS BASICALLY A TRADITION RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL. FOR HINDUS, NALANDA, TAXILA, AND UJJAIN WERE REPUTED GURUKULM WHERE STUDENT FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD CAME TO PURSUE HIGHER STUDIES, SIMILARLY IN MEDIEVAL INDIA, MARDRASAS BECOME COMMON. THEY IMPARTED KNOWLEDGE TO THE MASSES AND WERE KNOWN FOR THEIR SECULAR NATURE. THEN THE VILLAGE HAD THE PATHSHALAS WHERE THE VILLAGE CHILDREN RECEIVED BASIC EDUCATION, MAHATMA GANDHI IS BELIEVED TO HAVE SAID THAT THE TRADITIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM WAS LIKE A BEAUTIFUL TREE WHICH WAS DESTROYED DURING THE BRITISH RULE.
THE BRITISH ARE CREDITED WITH INTRODUCING THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION. WHICH WAS BASED ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF LORD MACAULAY. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGE WERE BUILT AND INDIAN STUDENT WERE EXPOSED TO A EUROPEAN STYLE OF EDUCATION. WOMEN WERE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO GET EDUCATED, GREAT SOCIAL REFORMERS AND EDUCATION. SUCH AS ISHWAR CHANDRA VIDYASAGAR AND SIR SYED AHMED KHAN CONTRIBUTED SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE CAUSE OF EDUCATION. AFTER INDEPENDENCE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EDUCATION WENT TO THE STATES. THIS CONTINUED TILL 1976 WHEN EDUCATION CAME UNDER BOTH CENTRE AND STATE CONTROL.
A MAJOR TASK IMMEDIATELY AFTER INDEPENDENCE WAS TO INCREASE THE DISMAL LITERACY RATE.IN 1947 INDIAS LITERACY RATE WAS A PATHETIC 12 percent. MORE THAN SIX DECADES LATER, THE PROGRESS HAS BEEN PAINFULLY SLOW. NOW STANDING AT 74 PERCENT IN 2011. INDIA CONTINUES TO HAVE THE LARGEST ILLITERATE POPULATION IN THE WORLD. THIS IS HUGE CHALLENGE THAT THE GOVERNMENT FACES, TO FRIGHT IT, THE GOVERNMENT FACES, TO FRIGHT IT, THE GOVERNMENT IS TRYING ITS BEST, THE MID DAY MEAL SCHEME HAS BEEN AN EARLY INITIATIVE LAUNCHED TO INCREASE ENROLMENT IN SCHOOL.IN 2001 THE GOVERNMENT LAUNCHED THE SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN WHICH AIMS TO UNIVERSALISE ELEMENTARY EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN THE AGE GROUP OF 6- 14 YEARS , IN 2009 THE RIGHT TO CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT {RTE} BECAME A REALITY. IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT NEARLY EIGHT MILLION CHILDREN WITHIN THE AGE GROUP 6-14 YEAR WERE SCHOOL. IT IS NOW A CHALLENGE FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO EDUCATE THIS STRAGGERING NUMBER OF CHILDREN, EQUALLY IMPORTANT IS TO CURB THE DROP-OUT RATE . RATHER SHOCKINGLY THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREAS IN THE DROP OUT RATE AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL IN ONE-THIRD OF THE STATE AND UNION TERRITORIES. PROGESSIVE STATES LIKE TAMIL NADU AND GUJARAT HAVE SEEN AN INCREASE IN DROP OUT RATIO FROM O.1 PER CENT TO 1.2 PERCENT 3.9 PERCENT TO 4.3 PERCENT RESPECTIVELY BETWEEN 2009-10 AND 2010-12 THIS COMES TWO YEAR AFTER THE RTE HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED.
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